Psychometric Validity of the Areas of Work Life Scale (AWS) in Teachers and Healthcare Workers in México.

The areas of work life scale (AWS) has shown to be a suitable marker of perceived fit between employees' abilities and the psychosocial demands of the job, but validation studies are practically nonexistent in the Latino population. The purpose of this study was twofold: firstly, to examine the factor structure, reliability, and invariance between sex and occupation of the AWS scale, and secondly, to test the AWS-burnout relationship within the framework of the structural mediational model proposed by Leiter and Maslach (2005). N = 305 health workers and N = 324 teachers from different work settings answered the AWS and MBI-GS scales. In this study, 64.4% of the participants were females (N = 405), and the mean age was 34.7 (sd = 11.7, rank = 56). Robust methods for statistical analyses were used. The results showed that the original version had marginal fit indices due to a method effect (negative phrasing items), and when seven negative items were removed, a final best model was found (CFI = 0.997; RMSEA = 0.060; SRMRu = 0.047). Non-invariance between occupation and sex was found, and the internal consistency was from marginal to satisfactory (ω = 0.658 to 0.840). The mediational structural model tested confirmed the expected associations between AWS and burnout. In conclusion, the Mexican translation of the AWS in its 22-reduced version showed reliability and validity in Mexican work contexts, specifically in healthcare workers and teachers.

Parametric and Nonparametric Analysis of the Internal Structure of the Psychosocial Work Processes Questionnaire (PROPSIT) as Applied to Workers.

The study of the dimensionality or internal structure of a measure has a definitional purpose with notable theoretical and practical implications; this aspect can be analyzed via both parametric and nonparametric approaches. The latter are probably used less often to validate constructs in the context of psychosocial work factors. The aim of the present manuscript was to employ both nonparametric (DETECT and AISP-Mokken) and parametric (semiconfirmatory factor analysis) procedures to analyze the internal structure of the Psychosocial Work Processes Questionnaire (PROPSIT) in the context of two samples of Peruvian workers located in the city of Lima, Perú, with one sample drawn from various work centers (n = 201) and the other comprising elementary education teachers (n = 158). The nonparametric results indicated that the content of the PROPSIT is sufficiently multidimensional to be able to describe a variety of psychosocial factors, while the parametric results require modification of the measurement model to obtain greater factorial congruence. In general, the analyses show a similar structure to those discussed by previous preliminary studies that have reported similar item-level performances. Some findings and considerations for future research are discussed.

Item-Level Psychometric Analysis of the Psychosocial Processes at Work Scale (PROPSIT) in Workers.

The structural attributes and correlates of items have an effect on their composite scores and exploring them strengthens the content validity of a measure adapted to another context. The objective of this study was to evaluate the item properties of a measure of psychosocial work factors (PWFs). Data were collected through a web platform from 188 Peruvian working adults (men = 101, 50.5%) holding various professions and jobs. The instrument was the Psychosocial Processes at Work Scale (PROPSIT), adapted for the Peruvian context. The distributional characteristics, the efficiency of its response options and its correlates with engagement, occupational self-efficacy, general stress and psychological distress (explored with a coefficient of maximum information and another of monotonic association) were analyzed. It was found that the items were asymmetrically distributed, without statistical normality and with a response tendency at low (for psychosocial risk factors (PSRFs)) and medium (favorable psychosocial resources) levels. The number of efficient response options was lower (approximately five options) than the original structure (seven options). The monotonic associations with gender and age were essentially zero and theoretically converged with the external constructs, except for some items related to job demands. The contributions of the results to the content validity of the PROPSIT and the orientation of working hypotheses about PROPSIT item constructs and measures of work effects are discussed.

Validez de la Estructura Interna del Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) en trabajadores peruanos / Internal structure validity of Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES) in Peruvian workers

Resumen El Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), medida de engagement laboral, ha tenido controversias respecto a la interpretación de su dimensionalidad, es decir, si sus puntajes pueden ser unidimensionales, multidimensionales o de dos niveles (unidimensional y multidimensional). El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo examinar la estructura interna (dimensionalidad, invarianza de medición y confiabilidad) del UWES (dos versiones: larga y breve) en una muestra de 636 trabajadores peruanos. Se aplicó el modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales para la evaluación de tres modelos de dimensionalidad: un solo factor (unidimensionalidad), tres factores relacionados (multidimensionalidad) y bifactor (dos niveles de interpretación: factor general y factores específicos). Los resultados indican que, luego de aplicar el modelamiento bifactor, la varianza común obtenida de un factor general es más fuerte que la interpretación de tres dimensiones. Este resultado se repitió en ambas versiones del UWES (larga y breve). La invarianza de medición fue satisfactoria en el nivel configuracional, métrica y escalar (en ambas versiones). Con respecto a la consistencia interna, se obtuvieron coeficientes satisfactorios (mayores a .70). Se concluye que el modelo de tres dimensiones del UWES para obtener los puntajes debe ser reemplazado por un modelo unidimensional, representado con un puntaje total. Se discuten las implicaciones teóricas y prácticas.

Abstract The Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES), a measure of work engagement, has had controversies regarding the interpretation of its dimensionality, that is, whether its scores can be one-dimensional, multidimensional or two-level (one-dimensional and multidimensional). The dimensionality of the UWES has been questioned mainly due to the high covariation between its components, an aspect consistently verified in the observed scores and latent variables (De Bruin y Henn 2013), even by the same authors (Schaufeli et al., 2006). This has two implications, one operational and one conceptual. In the operational context, the calculation of scores is also influenced by the statistical differentiation of the factors found in the factor analyzes. This means that if one or more factors are retained and justified, this also determines the same number of observed scores that can be calculated and interpreted. On the other hand, the conceptual implication is that the comprehensive framework of a three-dimensional psychological phenomenon differs from the one-dimensional. For example, the differentiation between dimensions generates the possibility of different trends between dimensions (e. g., one of three is high and the other low) and in this case, the concept of engagement becomes very generic and ambiguous to name and understand the different possibilities. Specific combination of its dimensions or jeopardizes its content validity, implying the need for other more specific concepts, which although related to engagement, can be independent. The objective of the present study was to examine the internal structure (dimensionality, measurement invariance and reliability) of the UWES (two versions: long and short) in a sample of 636 Peruvian workers. Structural equation modeling was applied to evaluate three dimensionality models: a single factor (one-dimensionality), three related factors (multidimensionality) and bifactor (two levels of interpretation: general factor and specific factors). The results indicate that, after applying bifactor modeling, the common variance obtained from a general factor is stronger than the three-dimensional interpretation. This result was repeated in both versions of the UWES (long and short). The measurement invariance was satisfactory at the configurational, metric and scalar levels (in both versions). Regarding internal consistency, satisfactory coefficients (greater than .70) were obtained. Three issues emerge from this study that modify the original theoretical interpretation of the UWES (which consists of using three related factors). The first is the existence of a general factor underlying the items, and which is statistically substantial as a source of variance of the items, independent of specific factors. In this general factor, the items generally contribute to their variance, except for two items whose discriminative capacity is moderately low (11 and 13, both of the specific factor Absorption). The main element of this general factor is the Dedication factor, whose items completely represented this general factor. Second, the differentiation of two specific factors corresponding to Vigor and Absorption does not appear to be psychometrically sufficient to describe nested constructs within the engagement construct, and therefore its independent interpretation of the general factor could be questioned. However, a contrary argument is that both factors show different amount of specific variance, although low compared to the general factor; for example, Absorption shows more divergent validity compared to Vigor, while the latter contains more common variance (general factor). Third, Dedication was completely absorbed by the general factor, and is only relevant insofar as its items are completely related to the general factor. Therefore, this component lost statistical autonomy and, consequently, very poor conceptual differentiation. It is concluded that the UWES - three-dimensional model to obtain the scores must be replaced by a one-dimensional model, represented with a total score. Implications are future research are discussed.

Non-Migrant Paid Domestic Workers and Depressive Symptoms: A Mixed-Methods Systematic Review.

Health of non-migrant paid domestic workers (PDWs) has seldom been studied. This review examines the relationship between being a non-migrant paid domestic worker and manifesting depressive symptoms (DS). Following a mixed-methods systematic review protocol, we found 10 relevant cross-sectional studies conducted in African, Asian, and Latin American countries. Depressive symptoms prevalence reported in quantitative studies ranged from 28% (CI: 22-35) to 53% (CI: 46-60). Qualitative evidence points towards structural conditions (poverty and intersectional discrimination) as drivers of female job placement in domestic work. Qualitative and quantitative evidence suggest that DS occurs more frequently in PDWs than other workers in the informal labor market. Psychosocial risks, working conditions, and workplace abuse play an intervening role in the development of DS. Future longitudinal research and adequate sampling methods are needed to examine protective factors, perceptions of working conditions, and work-family conflict in PDWs to better assess the development of DS among them.

Ultrashort Version of the Utrecht Work Engagement Scale (UWES-3): A Psychometric Assessment.

The objective was to determine the validity of the UWES-3, an ultrashort measure of work engagement lacking evidence in Hispanic populations. In total, 200 workers with heterogeneous positions and careers from Metropolitan Lima were enrolled via nonprobabilistic sampling. The UWES-3 and measures of external variables (work accidents, stress overload, and others) were used. Data were collected through a web platform. Items were analysed, nonparametric response theory methods (Mokken scale analysis and Ramsay curves) were applied to the items, and ordinal and linear regression were used to determine the relationships with external variables. The items had statistically similar distributional properties and monotonic associations with external variables but with fewer functional response options. The UWES-3 complied with the monotonic homogeneity model and invariant ordering of items; the scaling of the items, score (greater than 0.80), and reliability (0.94) were high. With the effects of age and sex controlled, the UWES-3 significantly predicted minor accidents at work and job satisfaction and revealed effects of stress overload and perceived efficacy. The theoretical implications of the UWES-3 as a brief unidimensional measure integrating the three original dimensions of the instrument and the practical implications of its use for research and professional practice are discussed.

Escala de Auto-eficacia Ocupacional - Breve (OSES): exploración de sus propiedades psicométricas / Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale - Short (OSES): exploration of psychometric properties

Objetivos: Evaluar las propiedades psicométricas de la Escala de Auto-eficacia Ocupacional - Breve, una medida de la variabilidad individual que modera el efecto del estrés. Material y Métodos: Participaron 188 trabajadores peruanos de varias ocupaciones y carreras, quienes fueron seleccionados con muestreo no probabilístico. Se utilizó modelamiento de ecuaciones estructurales para evaluar la estructura interna, confiabilidad del puntaje y para cada ítem; se aplicó regresión lineal y ordinal para examinar la relación con sobrecarga de estrés, distrés psicológico, eficacia frente a las dificultades, y dificultades cognitivas. Resultados: Los ítems formaron una escala unidimensional, y mantuvieron altas cargas factoriales (mayor a .80) luego de controlar por efectos de sesgos de respuesta. La confiabilidad fue .96 para el puntaje total, y mayor a .75 en cada ítem. El puntaje fue un significativo predictor de sobrecarga de estrés, distrés, eficacia frente a las dificultades, y dificultades cognitivas. Conclusiones: Los puntajes de la Escala de Auto-Eficacia Ocupacional - Breve pueden ser interpretados como una escala unidimensional, con alta confiabilidad, ítems estadísticamente similares, y con capacidad predictiva de efectos psicológicos positivos y negativos (AU)

Objetives: To assess the psychometric properties of the Short-Occupational Self-Efficacy Scale, a measure of individual variability that moderates the effect of stress. Material and Methods: 188 Peruvian workers from various occupations and careers participated, who were selected through a non-probabilistic sampling. Structural equation modeling was used to evaluate the internal structure, reliability of the score and for each item; linear and ordinal regression was applied to examine the relationship with stress overload, psychological distress, efficacy for cope with difficulties, and cognitive difficulties. Results: The items formed a one-dimensional scale and maintained high factor loadings (greater than .80) after controlling for the effects of response bias. Reliability was .96 for the total score, and greater than .75 for each item. The score was a significant predictor of stress overload, distress, efficacy for coping with difficulties, and cognitive difficulties. Conclusions: The scores of the Short-Occupational Self-efficacy Scalecan be interpreted as a one-dimensional scale, with high reliability, statistically similar items, and with predictive capacity for positive and negative psychological effects (AU)

Factores psicosociales del trabajo y efectos psicológicos en comerciantes informales en Morelos, México: una exploración mixta preliminar / Psychosocial factors at work and psychological effects in informal vendors in Morelos, México: A preliminary mixed exploration

Resumen Introducción: La mayor parte de la fuerza laboral en Latinoamérica está compuesta por personas que trabajan en la economía informal, a pesar de eso, son pocos los estudios que abordan los factores psicosociales laborales a los que se encuentran expuestas estas personas y su relación con consecuencias psicológicas. Objetivo: Mostrar resultados preliminares de la exploración de los factores psicosociales del trabajo y su relación con efectos psicológicos negativos y positivos, en una muestra de comerciantes informales. Metodología: Mediante una exploración cuanti-cualitativa, se identificaron factores psicosociales negativos y positivos, y su relación con la salud mental, el estrés, la satisfacción, el burnout y el engagement laboral en una muestra de comerciantes informales en la ciudad de Cuernavaca, Morelos, México (N=116). Resultados: Los resultados mostraron una mayor presencia de factores psicosociales positivos sobre los negativos (v.gr tareas gratificantes, compartir con gente, etc., versus riesgos ambientales, batallar con clientes, etc.), y aunque mostraron pocas relaciones bivariadas con los efectos psicológicos, los análisis de escalamiento multidimensional confirmaron un componente de motivación intrínseca en la naturaleza del trabajo que es más cercano a los efectos positivos (v.gr satisfacción, engagement) y una dimensión de interacción negativa con las personas, que se vinculó más a los efectos negativos (v.gr burnout y síntomas negativos de salud mental) (S-Stress=.07731, RSQ=.97006). Conclusión: Este estudio preliminar permitió identificar factores psicosociales muy específicos en el contexto de estos comerciantes informales que son inexistentes en escalas estandarizadas, así como una estructura de dimensiones y relaciones trascendentes entre variables, lo que puede contribuir a la comprensión futura de estos fenómenos y su consideración estratégica en la solución de problemas y condiciones de trabajo de este sector en América Latina.

Abstract Introduction: Most of the workforce in Latin-America is integrated by workers in the informal economy, however, few studies have been carried out to explore those job psychosocial factors and psychological consequences occurring in these workers. Objective. To show preliminary results of exploring the psychosocial factors of work and their relationship to negative and positive psychological effects, in a sample of informal workers. Methodology: Through a quanti-qualitative approach, positive and negative psychosocial job factors were explored as well as their relationship with mental health, job stress, job satisfaction, burnout and engagement in a sample of informal street vendors in the City of Cuernavaca Morelos, México (N=116). Results: The results showed a higher frequency of positive psychosocial factors over the negatives ones (e.g gratifying tasks, sharing with others, etc., versus environmental risks, struggle with clients, etc.), and even there were few bivariate associations with the psychological effects, the multidimensional scaling analyses confirm an intrinsically motivating work component that is linked to positive effects (e.g satisfaction, engagement), and a negative interaction-people dimension which was more closely linked to negative effects (e.g mental health symptoms, burnout) (S-Stress=.07731, RSQ=.97006). Discussion: This preliminary study allowed the identification of very specific-context psychosocial factors in these informal vendors that are non-existent in traditional standardized questionnaires, also we could identify structural dimensions and relationships among variables which may contribute to the future understanding of these phenomena and its strategic consideration in solving problems and improving work conditions in this sector in Latin America.

Síndrome de burnout en personal de salud durante la pandemia COVID-19: un semáforo naranja en la salud mental / Burnout syndrome in healthcare personnel during the COVID-19 pandemic: An orange traffic light in mental health

Resumen La pandemia de COVID-19 es un reto enorme para la salud pública y la economía mundial; también es un reto mayor para la salud mental, siendo uno de los grupos potencialmente más afectados el personal de salud. Uno de los efectos que ya se observa entre los trabajadores de este grupo ocupacional es el síndrome de burnout. En este artículo se revisa el origen del síndrome de burnout entre el personal sanitario, su importancia en el contexto de la pandemia y se proponen estrategias para disminuir o controlar su ocurrencia.

Abstract The COVID-19 pandemic is a huge challenge for public health and the global economy; It is also a major challenge for mental health, with health personnel being one of the potentially most affected groups. One of the effects that is already observed among workers in this occupational group is burnout syndrome. This article reviews the origin of burnout syndrome among health personnel, its importance in the context of the pandemic, and strategies are proposed to reduce or control its occurrence.

¿Es replicable la estructura factorial del Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) en la profesión de enfermera del Perú?: un estudio nacional / Is the factorial structure of the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) replicable in the nursing profession in Peru? A national study

OBJETIVO: El Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) es un instrumento de uso habitual para la evaluación del síndrome de burnout. La versión del MBI-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) fue aplicado en enfermeros peruanos para explorar la prevalencia de este síndrome, sin considerar previamente posibles evidencias de validez para acreditar su uso. El propósito de la presente investigación es evaluar la estructura interna y la confiabilidad del MBI-HSS en enfermeros peruanos. MÉTODO: El estudio se elaboró mediante análisis secundario de datos a partir de la información recogida a 2.809 enfermeros del Perú obtenidos de la Encuesta Nacional de Satisfacción de Usuarios en Salud (ENSUSALUD) aplicado el año 2014. Se elaboró un análisis factorial exploratorio y confirmatorio; la confiabilidad fue estimada con el alfa de Cronbach y Omega. RESULTADOS: Los análisis indicaron la presencia de 3 factores, pero con una reducción de 7 ítems; la confiabilidad fue aceptable con el coeficiente Omega. CONCLUSIONES: Los resultados cuestionan la validez de la versión original del MBI-HSS para su aplicación en las enfermeras peruanas, por tanto, se requiere tomar con cautela su utilidad diagnóstica. Como alternativa, es recomendable priorizar la versión de 15 ítems y continuar con los estudios de validación

OBJECTIVE: The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is an instrument commonly used for the evaluation of burnout syndrome. The version of the MBI-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) was applied to Peruvian nurses to explore the prevalence of this syndrome without previously considering possible evidence of validity to accredit its use. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the internal structure and reliability of the MBI-HSS in Peruvian nurses. METHODS: The study was prepared through secondary data analysis based on the information collected from 2809 nurses in Peru obtained from the National Survey of Satisfaction of Health Users (ENSUSALUD) applied in 2014. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was prepared; reliability was estimated with Cronbach alpha and omega. RESULTS: The analyses indicated the presence of three factors, but with a reduction of 7 items; reliability was acceptable with the omega coefficient. CONCLUSION: The results question the validity of the original version of the MBI-HSS for its application in Peruvian nurses, therefore, its diagnostic utility should be viewed with caution. As an alternative, it is advisable to prioritise the 15-item version and to continue with validation studies

Is the factorial structure of the Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) replicable in the nursing profession in Peru? A national study. / ¿Es replicable la estructura factorial del Maslach Burnout Inventory Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) en la profesión de enfermera del Perú?: un estudio nacional.

OBJECTIVE: The Maslach Burnout Inventory (MBI) is an instrument commonly used for the evaluation of burnout syndrome. The version of the MBI-Human Service Survey (MBI-HSS) was applied to Peruvian nurses to explore the prevalence of this syndrome without previously considering possible evidence of validity to accredit its use. The purpose of this research is to evaluate the internal structure and reliability of the MBI-HSS in Peruvian nurses. METHODS: The study was prepared through secondary data analysis based on the information collected from 2809 nurses in Peru obtained from the National Survey of Satisfaction of Health Users (ENSUSALUD) applied in 2014. An exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis was prepared; reliability was estimated with Cronbach alpha and omega. RESULTS: The analyses indicated the presence of three factors, but with a reduction of 7 items; reliability was acceptable with the omega coefficient. CONCLUSION: The results question the validity of the original version of the MBI-HSS for its application in Peruvian nurses, therefore, its diagnostic utility should be viewed with caution. As an alternative, it is advisable to prioritise the 15-item version and to continue with validation studies.

Validez factorial del cuestionario sobre trato digno en enfermería / Review of the effect of uncertainty in adults with type 2 diabetes mellitus

Introducción: Ofrecer un trato digno a los pacientes es un componente central en la calidad de los servicios de salud, por lo que su medición válida resulta altamente relevante. Objetivo: Evaluar la validez de constructo del cuestionario Trato digno en enfermería, desarrollado por la Secretaría de Salud en México. Métodos: Estudio observacional, transversal y analítico. Se seleccionó una muestra por conveniencia, la cual estuvo constituida por 355 pacientes atendidos en el 100% de los 89 centros de salud. Resultados: Hubo en promedio de puntuaciones altas de trato digno (0.84, rango 0-1)), el ajuste del modelo resultó adecuado al considerar diversos índices: NNFI = 0.99; NFI = 0.98; CFI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.04; PNFI = 0.70 y chi cuadrada normada = 2.37. Un hallazgo notable fue la correlación positiva (p < 0.05) entre las dimensiones de relaciones humanas con la dimensión comunicativa (r = 0.95), relaciones humanas con la dimensión interior de la persona (r = 0.90) y dimensión comunicativa con dimensión interior de la persona (r = 0.90). Conclusión: Se comprobó la validez de constructo del cuestionario Trato digno en enfermería.

Introduction: Providing dignified care to patients is one of the main components in health care quality, which is why measuring it is really important. Objective: To evaluate the construct validity of the Dignified Care questionnaire in nursing, this was developed by the Secretaría de Salud (Mexico's Health Secretary). Methods: Observational, cross-sectional, and analytical study. 355 patients, attended in all the 89 health centers, were selected by convenience sampling. Results: There were on average high punctuations of dignified care (0.84, range 0,1). The adjustment of the model was appropriate, since several indexes were considered: NNFI = 0.99; NFI = 0.98; CFI = 0.99; RMSEA = 0.04; PNFI = 0.70 and normalized chi squared = 2.37. A remarkable finding was the positive correlation between the following dimensions (p < 0.05): human relations with communication (r = 0.95), human relations with the patient's inner dimension (r = 0.90), and communication with the patient's inner dimension (r = 0.90). Conclusions: Construct validity of the Dignified Care questionnaire in nursing was confirmed.

Use of assessment scales, turnover and job strain in nursing staff: A study in a Colombian hospital.

AIM: To evaluate the association between job strain and socio-demographic characteristics, social support, job insecurity, use of patient assessment scales, and turnover of nursing staff in a Colombian hospital. BACKGROUND: Nursing is an occupation with high probability of job strain. Use of patient assessment scales and turnover of nursing staff could increase exposure to psychosocial risk. METHOD: A cross-sectional study of 222 nurses was conducted. A survey and the Job Content Questionnaire were used to obtain data at the individual level and free lists and institutional records were used at the hospital unit level. The associations of interest were evaluated with a logistic regression model with robust variance estimator. RESULTS: Many nurses (50.9%) nurses reported job strain, which was positively associated with high use of patient assessment scales (OR = 2.73; 95% CI = 1.35-5.51) but negatively associated with social support (OR = 0.89; 95% CI = 0.80-0.98). Turnover was not statistically associated with job strain. CONCLUSION: Job strain among nurses was associated with a high use of patient assessment scales, but not with turnover of nursing staff. IMPLICATIONS FOR NURSING MANAGEMENT: The findings of this study suggest possible opportunities for managers to improve nursing processes, the work conditions of nursing staff, and the quality of institutions.

Adaptación y validez de la Escala de Personalidad Tipo D (DS-14) en una muestra mexicana / Adaptation and validity of the Type D Personality Scale (DS-14) in a Mexican sample

El objetivo del presente trabajo consistió en explorar las propiedades psicométricas de una adaptación al castellano del Cuestionario de Personalidad Tipo D (DS-14) en una muestra mexicana (n = 702). Se evaluó la escala mediante un enfoque no paramétrico basado en el escalamiento Mokken y se aplicó el análisis factorial confirmatorio por el método de estimación de mínimos cuadrados ponderados con media y varianza ajustada (WLSMV), consistencia interna con coeficiente omega (ω), invarianza de medición por género, y validez convergente con medidas de salud mental (MBI = burnout, GHQ = depresión, trastornos de sueño, disfunción social y síntomas somáticos), parcializando los efectos de estresores laborales (JCQ = demandas y control laboral). Los resultados evidenciaron correlaciones parciales de bajas a moderadas de los ítems DS-14 con los puntajes de salud mental, así como índices de confiabilidad aceptables (ω = .62 - .86). Se halló invarianza de medición entre hombres y mujeres, y la estructura bifactorial original mostró índices de ajuste satisfactorios (CFI = .97, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .05). Adicionalmente, se vislumbró la viabilidad de una estructura unidimensional, en particular para una versión de 9 ítems (CFI = .99, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .04), la cual necesita estudios adicionales de replicabilidad. Se concluye que la escala DS-14 produce puntajes válidos y confiables, y se discuten estos hallazgos y sus implicaciones para la investigación futura.

The goal of this study was to explore the psychometric properties of a Spanish version of the Type D Personality Scale (DS-14) in a sample of Mexican participants (n = 702). The scale was evaluated through a non-parametric approach based on Mokken scaling. Moreover, confirmatory factor analyses were performed using the weighted least squares mean and variance (WLSMV) method, internal consistency estimation with omega coefficient (ω), measurement invariance by gender, and convergent validity with mental health measures (MBI = burnout, GHQ = depression, sleep disorders, social dysfunction, and somatic symptoms), and controlling job stressors (JCQ = job demands and job control). The results showed low to moderate partial correlations in DS-14 items concerning the mental health scores, and acceptable reliability rates (ω = .62 - .86). Measurement invariance between men and women was found, and the original two-factor structure showed satisfactory adjustment indices (CFI = .97, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .05). Furthermore, the viability of a one-dimensional structure, which needs future replicability studies, was glimpsed particularly in the 9-item version (CFI = .99, RMSEA = .04, SRMR = .04). It is concluded that the DS-14 scale generates valid and reliable scores, and these findings and implications are discussed for further research.

Una medida muy breve del burnout: evidencia de validez de constructo en trabajadores peruanos / Very brief measure of burnout: Evidence of construct validity in Peruvian workers

El presente estudio aborda la evaluación psicométrica de la sintomatología del burnout usando una medida de un ítem (Ítem Único de Burnout). Los participantes fueron 147 trabajadores peruanos, quienes cumplimentaron el ítem único de burnout, el MBI-GS y una medida breve de afrontamiento al estrés. La dimensionalidad de Ítem Único de Burnout fue satisfactoriamente corroborada con las escalas del MBI-GS, y las correlaciones con las estrategias de afrontamiento al estrés fueron teóricamente consistentes. Se concluye que esta primera investigación en habla hispana con el Ítem Único de Burnout fue satisfactoria y permite establecer una línea base para futuras investigaciones

The present study addresses the psychometric assessment of a very brief measure, based on one single item, of the symptomatology of burnout (Single Item of Burnout). The participants were 147 Peruvian workers, who filled the Single Item of Burnout, the MBI-GS and a brief measure of coping with stress. The SIB dimensionality was satisfactorily corroborated with the MBI-GS scales, and the correlations with stress coping strategies were theoretically consistent. It is concluded that this first research of the Single Item of Burnout Hispanic version was satisfactory, and allows to establish a baseline for future research

Validación de la Escala de Carga de Trabajo en Trabajadores Peruanos / Validation of workload scale in peruvian workers

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo, realizar la validación de la Escala de Carga de Trabajo en trabajadores peruanos. El muestreo fue de tipo intencional -170 trabajadores de una empresa de químicos y detergentes (83 mujeres)- predominantemente con educación técnica, ubicada en Lima Metropolitana. Se aplicó un análisis factorial confirmatorio para evaluar la dimensionalidad de los ítems y la equivalencia entre hombres y mujeres. Se realizaron estimaciones de la fiabilidad por consistencia interna, y una regresión lineal de variables demográficas sobre la carga de trabajo. Se halló una estructura factorial unidimensional y, la equivalencia métrica de los ítems fue similar entre hombres y mujeres; la fiabilidad fue aceptable y, la intensidad de la carga de trabajo varió levemente de acuerdo al tipo de contrato laboral del trabajador

The objective of this study was to validate the Workload Scale in Peruvian workers. The sampling was purposive - 170 industrial workers at a chemical and detergent company with a technical education (83 of whom were women)- located in Metropolitan Lima. We used confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the dimensionality of the items and the equivalence between men and women; reliability estimates of internal consistency; and linear regression of demographic variables on the workload were estimated. A one-dimensional factorial structure was found, and the metric equivalence of the items was similar between men and women; the reliability was acceptable, and workload intensity varied slightly by the type of labor contract

[Validation of workload scale in peruvian workers]. / Validación de la Escala de Carga de Trabajo en Trabajadores Peruanos.

The objective of this study was to validate the Workload Scale in Peruvian workers. The sampling was purposive -170 industrial workers at a chemical and detergent company with a technical education (83 of whom were women)- located in Metropolitan Lima. We used confirmatory factor analysis to evaluate the dimensionality of the items and the equivalence between men and women; reliability estimates of internal consistency; and linear regression of demographic variables on the workload were estimated. A one-dimensional factorial structure was found, and the metric equivalence of the items was similar between men and women; the reliability was acceptable, and workload intensity varied slightly by the type of labor contract.

El presente estudio tuvo por objetivo, realizar la validación de la Escala de Carga de Trabajo en trabajadores peruanos. El muestreo fue de tipo intencional ­170 trabajadores de una empresa de químicos y detergentes (83 mujeres)­ predominantemente con educación técnica, ubicada en Lima Metropolitana. Se aplicó un análisis factorial confirmatorio para evaluar la dimensionalidad de los ítems y la equivalencia entre hombres y mujeres. Se realizaron estimaciones de la fiabilidad por consistencia interna, y una regresión lineal de variables demográficas sobre la carga de trabajo. Se halló una estructura factorial unidimensional y, la equivalencia métrica de los ítems fue similar entre hombres y mujeres; la fiabilidad fue aceptable y, la intensidad de la carga de trabajo varió levemente de acuerdo al tipo de contrato laboral del trabajador.